A virus against cancer?

A virus that already saves the lives of millions of children could become a new weapon against cancer. This virus is one that is used to immunize against measles, a live version, but “down” the virus that causes the childhood disease. “There are viruses that preferentially infect cancer cells. This is particularly the case of virus vaccine against measles,” said Mark Gregory, director of research at the Institute for Therapeutic Research, University of Nantes. “The virus enters the cancer cells and cause their destruction” continued the researcher. We talk about viruses “oncolytic”.

Funded by the ARC *, Mark Gregory and his team have begun to address these viruses following a discussion with a researcher from the Institute Pasteur in Paris, Frédéric Tangy. Nantes team had discovered that many cancer cells on their surface showed an unusual amount of a protein called CD 46. The researcher Paris knew about him that the attenuated virus vaccine against measles had just needs this protein to infect human cells. Hence was born the idea of using this virus to destroy cancer cells.

Other oncolytic viruses

Other oncolytic viruses exist and it is even possible to make new viruses by modifying existing they acquire the necessary properties. The strain of the vaccine against measles, however, presents significant advantages: used since the late 60s to vaccinate every year millions of children, the safety of its administration is more to prove. Moreover, this virus has an antitumor activity “bonus” it will not only cause the destruction of tumor cells it infects, but it will simultaneously activate the cells of the patient’s immune system to attack that they also to the tumor. “The destruction of cancer cells by virus leads to the production of danger signals that are recognized by the immune system,” explains Mark Gregory. “An immune response specifically directed against the tumor cells are then put in place. Some data suggest that there is even production of immune memory cells. If this is indeed the case, the virus vaccine against measles could not only destroy tumors, but also prevent relapse: when a tumor recurrence in the body, immune cells attack memories there. This last point remains to be verified and Drs Gregory and Tangy actively engaged.

The use of this virus and other oncolytic viruses are already being tested in clinical trials, especially at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester (Minnesota, USA). The results of U.S. trials are not yet published, but according to Marc Grégoire, they would rather encouraging. The viruses tested at the Mayo Clinic to date would treat many types of cancer such as myeloma, gliomas, glioblastomas, ovarian carcinoma or breast cancer. “We are working on the model of mesothelioma [cancer of the pleura], but we think also to test this approach on melanoma and lung cancer. The base system is ready. There are still many details to confirm, but the the use of antitumor oncolytic viruses such as the vaccine against measles could start in no distant future “.

What exactly resembles rosacea?

Also called acne rosacea, this dermatosis manifested by the appearance of redness on the face. Appear as small blood vessels in the skin surface and also buttons containing liquid.

Rosacea flushing buttons

The rash initially appears as “flushes”. That is, they occur abruptly as a result of a trigger. The supporting element may be an emotion, exposure to sun or cold, spicy meal, a drink, etc.. Then, as the disease progresses, the redness settle permanently.

At this stage, more and more small vessels are visible, while the buttons are starting to bloom. We also note thickening of the skin, accentuating rendering unsightly. What causes rosacea?

There are many possible reasons for rosacea as blood factors, hormonal factors, digestive, nervous, or environmental.

What are the treatments?

The management of rosacea is multifactorial. It includes local treatment (cleaning the skin, mineral water spray, application of antiseptics, pesticides, sunscreen, cream fat against the cold, etc..).

The prescription of antibiotics is often necessary (from the tetracycline family). They sometimes resort to isotretinoin, a drug containing a Devir vitamin A, also used in the treatment of severe acne.

Finally, electrocautery and laser vascular provide very interesting results, by addressing the vessels located too superficially in the skin.

The most important message is do not hesitate to consult a dermatologist as soon as discomfort is felt. This disease particularly evident quickly generates a significant social embarrassment. The solutions exist and are effective in improving the quality of life.

1) Why are vaccinated against influenza A? To avoid getting sick or remain bedridden

And also not to fall behind in its work in its records or you do not miss classes at school or college. Influenza A can be mild, but can also result in high fever, sudden onset with malaise, fatigue, cough and body aches, but also headache, nausea, vomiting … This classic form of avian bedridden for 5 to 6 days.

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2) The vaccine protects against risk of complications related to influenza A

Complications from influenza A can sometimes be serious or even fatal. Even intensivists call for vaccination against influenza A, after observing serious forms among young people. According to the National Institute of Health Surveillance (InVS), 245 severe cases of influenza A have been identified in France since the beginning of the epidemic, a third are still hospitalized in intensive care or resuscitation.
3) Getting vaccinated also means protecting others, his family and most vulnerable

By making the vaccine, you protect yourself from influenza A, but you also protect others by the barrier to the spread of the virus. You also help to protect those at risk: pregnant women, infants under 1 year, subjects with a chronic illness …

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4) The vaccine is safe while the influenza A can be deadly!

We’re already 53 deaths. However, the vaccine against influenza A is safe, he received the same procedures, same trials and same care as the seasonal vaccine. It has been evaluated by the same health authorities and manufactured by the same laboratories experienced in vaccines.

5) A tenth of humanity has the vaccine …

The availability of a vaccine against influenza A makes us privileged. Indeed, this vaccine is available at one tenth of humanity. The neglect is unseemly for those who do not have access and who can not protect themselves.

Finally, do not wait, get vaccinated as soon as possible because it takes a fortnight to acquire immunity against the influenza virus A after having been vaccinated.

Cell therapy has been used for over 20 years for the treatment of severe burns: stem cells from skin taken from the patient are cultured, which gives at the end of three weeks a surface of the skin sufficient to cover the areas affected. This new skin is then grafted to the patient. The disadvantage of this technique is the time required to produce skin, during which the patient is left unprotected and at risk of suffering from infection or dehydration.

Researchers of the STEM-I had the idea of using embryonic stem cells because these have an unlimited capacity for expansion and can differentiate rapidly into all types of human cells. They succeeded in obtaining an in vitro skin adult complete and functional.

The prospects opened by this success are important, and the transition to clinical research should take about two years. Researchers of the STEM-I wish to propose these cells ready to produce quickly epidermal cells to treat burn victims. This innovation may also be used for other skin conditions such as ulcers, common complication of diabetes.

The I-STEM is a research institute co-founded by INSERM, University of Evry and the French Association fight against myopathies, especially through the Telethon donations. This achievement represents another victory for the telethon after the recent success of gene therapy performed by the team at the Hopital Saint Vincent de Paul (Paris), Inserm and Université Paris Descartes against the progression of a rare genetic disorder, adrenoleukodystrophy.

The telethon will take place on 4 and 5 December. It is possible to make an online donation now or during the weekend of the Telethon, by phone at 36 37 (0,15 Euro / min), check, or stands animation.

The rupture may be incomplete or complete for all muscle. It is a common occurrence (the breakdown is about half of muscle injury).
Circumstances of onset of a breakdown

The injury usually happens suddenly and may go unnoticed. Pain during a breakdown is very sharp as a dagger, which may even cause discomfort. The action may be continued and the muscle can not practically be mobilized. There are few signs indicative of a breakdown (tightness) and they occur only a few minutes or even seconds before the accident. After the pain comes a phase of pain duller and continues with some paroxysmes.Comment recognize a breakdown

In addition to the circumstances of appearance that are quite evocative and intensity of pain, a breakdown is often recognized by watching the muscle in search of edema and swelling, especially by feeling the muscle, triggering severe pain and localized, and shows an irregular surface of the muscle as a notch.

The active and passive movements are of course painful. In cases of complete rupture, the picture is even more dramatic.
The different degrees of severity of breakdown

There are different degrees of severity, which have different effects on the resumption of sporting activity. The less serious than serious stretching, the hamstring itself, tearing, rupture.Traitement the initial breakdown

That breakdown is partial or total treatment of a breakdown is the same.

- Do not: Continue the current activity, make vigorous massage, either on stage or later resume activity too soon.

- Do this: Stop the sport. Compress the muscle in question from the beginning and for several days by an elastic bandage, which helps limit swelling and bruising. It is preferable that the bandage is in place and monitored by a doctor. The cold treatment is also good in the acute phase. Member is landfilled (by crutches). The first night, the member should be elevated to promote drainage. Analgesics are prescribed, but anti-inflammatories are not recommended at this time.
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Rest and recovery of activity after a breakdown

The elongation was a positive development. The rest is about two weeks. In case of non-compliance with instructions, the elongation can lead to tearing.

The breakdowns, tears and muscle ruptures require a gradual recovery of activity with an initial period of rest for one to two weeks followed by a period of physiotherapy for one to two weeks, followed by a more active muscular rehabilitation of to four weeks. The recovery of the real training starts only when the subject has recovered 80 to 90% of its performance.

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Laryngeal cancer often begins on the vocal cords. Thus the first major sign that accompanies this type of cancer is “dysphonia. This term refers to a hoarse voice, a kind of hoarseness escalating, which persists over time and resistant to standard treatment used to soften the throat.

Any person whose voice is hoarse for more than two weeks should consult their doctor.

Laryngeal cancer may also affect the structures surrounding the vocal cords. In such cases, other symptoms including:

- Pain and an earache (ear pain)

- Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia)

- Difficulty breathing (dyspnea).

- In case of metastases, a mass in the neck may be palpable (cervical ganglia).

We note that one should not expect to suffer from these symptoms. Only a hoarseness that persists should alert and motivate a quick consultation.

The diagnosis of laryngeal cancer

The diagnosis of laryngeal cancer based on endoscopic examination, to see the type of lesions and their precise location. This exam will be at the same time a biopsy confirming the presence of cancerous cells.

Other additional tests may be required to assess the spread of cancer (depth of lesions, presence of metastases) and for surgical treatment.
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Surgery is the management classic, with laryngectomy, in other words, a removal of the larynx, partial if possible, if not total. Treatment is often mutilated, with undesirable effects: disturbance of swallowing and phonation requiring rehabilitation.

At the beginning stage, surgery is often supplemented by radiotherapy, it can also target metastases in the lymph.

When vocal cords are affected, it can sometimes focus the radiation to surgery, which helps maintain a relatively normal voice.

In tumors detected very early, laser microsurgery is successful, no maiming.

Ultimately, treatment depends primarily on the tumor stage and location.

Can we prevent cancer of the larynx or vocal cords?

There are three preventive measures:

- Do not smoke.

- Do not drink alcohol.

- Check quickly in case of hoarseness for more than 2 weeks.

No need to keep your old lipstick or your old mascara. In terms of makeup, making stocks is not a good idea. Instead, throw it all started with products you did not served for several months.

The reasons are simple and obvious. Like all cosmetics, eyeliner, mascara and makeup have an expiration date. Despite the Conservatives included in their composition, age makeup: your old mascara has become thick or pasty, and the smell of your makeup has changed. This is normal! After a while, products have exceeded their useful life, change their smell and / or texture.

But they can also be contaminated by bacteria, for example. If you use this product on your skin (close your eyes, your lips), an infection can develop. This risk is real but fortunately rare. However, it is sufficient to avoid any risk to regularly clean up your mailbox or your makeup drawer.

Here are some pointers.

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Life of cosmetics

Mascara: 3 to 6 months

Eyeliner: 6 months

Pencil: 2 years

Shadow: 9 months

Lipstick: 12 months

Foundation: 6 months
The indices of expiry of a makeup product

Mascara:

It becomes drier.

Its texture has changed.

It is less covering.

It takes less time to lashes

Eyeliner:

His consistency has changed.

Its smell is chemical.

Beware of the risk of eye infection!

Pencil:

It crumbles.

Sharpen your pencil after each use to remove all particles and bacteria.

Lipstick:

Its texture has changed.

It is uncomfortable to apply and wear.

Its smell is stronger.

Foundation:

Its texture has changed, it is less covering.

Its smell is chemical.